Fault localization, a central aspect of network fault management, is a process of deducing the exact source of a failure from a set of observed failure indications. It has been a focus of research activity since the advent of modern communication systems, which produced numerous fault localization techniques. However, as communication systems evolved becoming more complex and offering new capabilities, the requirements imposed on fault localization techniques have changed as well. It is fair to say that despite this research effort, fault localization in complex communication systems remains an open research problem. This paper discusses the challenges of fault localization in complex communication systems and presents an overview of solutions proposed in the course of the last ten years, while discussing their advantages and shortcomings. The survey is followed by the presentation of potential directions for future research in this area.
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